SYS ONLINE
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LIVE
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BREAKING: Alphabet raises $80B in equity to fund AI infrastructure — Berkshire Hathaway commits $10B; 2026 CapEx $180–190BGoogle Cloud revenue +63% YoY; $460B backlog nearly doubled QoQ — demand outstripping compute supplyLIVE: Stargate Abilene — 200MW operational, 1,000MW under construction in Abilene, TXPJM capacity auction: $2.2B → $14.7B (+568% YoY) — residential bills absorbing the shockMeta Hyperion, LA: $27B / 5GW — largest private investment in Louisiana historyData centers: 60% of all US electrical load growth through 2030Ohio: DC demand projected 5.3% → 10.9% of state electricity consumption$4.3B ratepayer burden across IL, MD, NJ, OH, PA, VA, WV (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2024)US data centers: 449M gallons/day water consumption — 2021 baseline, growing fastBrookings 2026: +22% information sector employment in host counties vs controlsYTD April 2026: $49.5B in 74 projects broke ground across the United StatesLoudoun County, VA: 38% of county general fund generated from 3% of its land (26:1 fiscal ratio)xAI Southaven, MS: $20B / 2GW / 1M GPU target — largest xAI project ever announced5 hyperscalers combined 2026 CapEx: $760B — Amazon $200B · Microsoft $190B · Google $185B · Meta $135B · Oracle $50BMicrosoft restarted Three Mile Island nuclear plant under 20-year PPA for Azure data centersAFBF: 4,925 active/under-construction data centers — most converted farmland won't return to agConstruction workers: $140K avg annual comp, $70/hr — pulling workforce from 300-mile radiusStargate Michigan: $45B+ / 1GW / 2,500 union construction jobs / 450+ permanent — Saline Township, Washtenaw CountyStargate Michigan: first union-built Stargate campus — IBEW + operating engineers; delivery end 2027; groundbreaking June 1 2026Stargate Project Jupiter (Doña Ana Co. NM): $50B / 5-yr · $165B / 30-yr — 2,500 construction jobs, 750 permanent at $75K–$100K; $384M annual county economic impactStargate Lordstown, OH: 600MW (→1.5GW) — former GM plant repurposed; SoftBank $3B; on track for 2026 operationsStargate Milam County, TX: 1.2GW / SB Energy — $1B phase 1 infra; 595 acres; first facilities entering service 2026Google Project Spade: $15B / Montgomery County, MO — largest investment in Missouri history; trains 2,300 construction laborers via IBEWAWS Canton, MS: Amazon Think Big Corners in every elementary school; $12M in workforce investment; 7,000+ students servedMeta Hyperion Year 1: $875M in local contracts; grants to 9 Richland Parish schools for STEM labs and VR instructionBosque County, TX (CyrusOne): DC projected to increase county tax revenue 120% — $70M over 30 years for county of 19,000Louisiana Delta Community College: new DC Technician program — 1,500 technicians needed; $18–$26/hr starting wageGoogle + Blackstone: $25B TPU Cloud joint venture — 500MW online by 2027; sells TPU compute directly to enterprisesKKR launches Helix Digital Infrastructure: $10B+ / ex-AWS CEO Adam Selipsky — power, networking + data center assetsHut 8 Beacon Point, Nueces Co. TX: $17B / 1,900 construction jobs / 230 permanent — 15-year $9.8B lease signedMINER → AI PIVOT WAVE: IREN ($9.7B Microsoft deal) · Core Scientific ($10B CoreWeave) · Riot (700MW AMD conversion) · TeraWulf (168MW HPC JV) · Cipher Digital (300MW AWS) · MARA (1GW Starwood JV) — ex-Bitcoin miners becoming AI infrastructure backboneIREN Childress TX: $9.7B / 5-yr Microsoft AI cloud deal — 76,000 NVIDIA GB300 GPUs / 200MW; acquired Mirantis $625M; Horizon 1 (50MW) under constructionCore Scientific (CORZ): 590MW CoreWeave AI campus network across 5 states — $10B+ revenue / 12 years; 350MW energized; 3GW pipeline; $3.3B bond sale April 2026Riot Platforms Rockdale TX: converting full 700MW to AI data center tenants — AMD 50MW direct lease; Terrestrial Energy nuclear MOU; 1.7GW total TX portfolioCipher Digital (ex-Cipher Mining): 300MW / 15-yr AWS lease = $5.5B revenue; $2B Black Pearl Compute notes — Texas wind-powered; hyperscale-grade designCreekstone Delta Gigasite: $17B / 9,700 MW — Millard County, UT; nuclear + solar + gas hybrid; Utah Gov confirmed; construction underwayNscale Monarch Compute Campus: 8GW / Mason County WV — Microsoft signed 1.35GW LOI; NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 GPUs; nation's first state-certified AI microgridNexus Data Centers Hubbard, TX: $50M community partnership fund for Hill County — construction underway; 600MW Phase 1 / 7.2GW expansion potentialSTACK Infrastructure Berry Hill: $100B / 30 years / 2,500 jobs @ $80,500+ avg — Pittsylvania Co. VA; approved May 2026; 3rd-largest industrial announcement in US historyUS data centers: 4,011 facilities / 50+ GW total capacity (March 2026) — demand growing to 41 GW in 2026 from 31 GW in 2025CoreWeave (CRWV): $99.4B revenue backlog · $2.1B Q1 revenue (+112% YoY) · $12–13B 2026 revenue guidance · $8.5B non-recourse loan closedSoftBank PORTS Campus, Pike County OH: 10GW / $500B potential — world's largest proposed AI data center; 35,000 construction jobs, 2,500 permanent; DOE public-private partnership; groundbreaking March 2026STACK Infrastructure Berry Hill, Pittsylvania Co. VA: $100B / 30 years / 2,500 jobs @ $80,500+ avg — approved May 2026; 3rd-largest industrial announcement in US historyMicrosoft Q3 FY2026: raises 2026 capex guidance to $190B — up from $120B; $25B attributable to component price inflation; AI revenue run rate hits $37B (+123% YoY)Stargate Abilene: 4 of 8 buildings operational, ~300MW live — full 1,200MW campus on track86 GW new utility-scale power planned for US grid in 2026 — a record driven by data center demandBREAKING: Alphabet raises $80B in equity to fund AI infrastructure — Berkshire Hathaway commits $10B; 2026 CapEx $180–190BGoogle Cloud revenue +63% YoY; $460B backlog nearly doubled QoQ — demand outstripping compute supplyLIVE: Stargate Abilene — 200MW operational, 1,000MW under construction in Abilene, TXPJM capacity auction: $2.2B → $14.7B (+568% YoY) — residential bills absorbing the shockMeta Hyperion, LA: $27B / 5GW — largest private investment in Louisiana historyData centers: 60% of all US electrical load growth through 2030Ohio: DC demand projected 5.3% → 10.9% of state electricity consumption$4.3B ratepayer burden across IL, MD, NJ, OH, PA, VA, WV (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2024)US data centers: 449M gallons/day water consumption — 2021 baseline, growing fastBrookings 2026: +22% information sector employment in host counties vs controlsYTD April 2026: $49.5B in 74 projects broke ground across the United StatesLoudoun County, VA: 38% of county general fund generated from 3% of its land (26:1 fiscal ratio)xAI Southaven, MS: $20B / 2GW / 1M GPU target — largest xAI project ever announced5 hyperscalers combined 2026 CapEx: $760B — Amazon $200B · Microsoft $190B · Google $185B · Meta $135B · Oracle $50BMicrosoft restarted Three Mile Island nuclear plant under 20-year PPA for Azure data centersAFBF: 4,925 active/under-construction data centers — most converted farmland won't return to agConstruction workers: $140K avg annual comp, $70/hr — pulling workforce from 300-mile radiusStargate Michigan: $45B+ / 1GW / 2,500 union construction jobs / 450+ permanent — Saline Township, Washtenaw CountyStargate Michigan: first union-built Stargate campus — IBEW + operating engineers; delivery end 2027; groundbreaking June 1 2026Stargate Project Jupiter (Doña Ana Co. NM): $50B / 5-yr · $165B / 30-yr — 2,500 construction jobs, 750 permanent at $75K–$100K; $384M annual county economic impactStargate Lordstown, OH: 600MW (→1.5GW) — former GM plant repurposed; SoftBank $3B; on track for 2026 operationsStargate Milam County, TX: 1.2GW / SB Energy — $1B phase 1 infra; 595 acres; first facilities entering service 2026Google Project Spade: $15B / Montgomery County, MO — largest investment in Missouri history; trains 2,300 construction laborers via IBEWAWS Canton, MS: Amazon Think Big Corners in every elementary school; $12M in workforce investment; 7,000+ students servedMeta Hyperion Year 1: $875M in local contracts; grants to 9 Richland Parish schools for STEM labs and VR instructionBosque County, TX (CyrusOne): DC projected to increase county tax revenue 120% — $70M over 30 years for county of 19,000Louisiana Delta Community College: new DC Technician program — 1,500 technicians needed; $18–$26/hr starting wageGoogle + Blackstone: $25B TPU Cloud joint venture — 500MW online by 2027; sells TPU compute directly to enterprisesKKR launches Helix Digital Infrastructure: $10B+ / ex-AWS CEO Adam Selipsky — power, networking + data center assetsHut 8 Beacon Point, Nueces Co. TX: $17B / 1,900 construction jobs / 230 permanent — 15-year $9.8B lease signedMINER → AI PIVOT WAVE: IREN ($9.7B Microsoft deal) · Core Scientific ($10B CoreWeave) · Riot (700MW AMD conversion) · TeraWulf (168MW HPC JV) · Cipher Digital (300MW AWS) · MARA (1GW Starwood JV) — ex-Bitcoin miners becoming AI infrastructure backboneIREN Childress TX: $9.7B / 5-yr Microsoft AI cloud deal — 76,000 NVIDIA GB300 GPUs / 200MW; acquired Mirantis $625M; Horizon 1 (50MW) under constructionCore Scientific (CORZ): 590MW CoreWeave AI campus network across 5 states — $10B+ revenue / 12 years; 350MW energized; 3GW pipeline; $3.3B bond sale April 2026Riot Platforms Rockdale TX: converting full 700MW to AI data center tenants — AMD 50MW direct lease; Terrestrial Energy nuclear MOU; 1.7GW total TX portfolioCipher Digital (ex-Cipher Mining): 300MW / 15-yr AWS lease = $5.5B revenue; $2B Black Pearl Compute notes — Texas wind-powered; hyperscale-grade designCreekstone Delta Gigasite: $17B / 9,700 MW — Millard County, UT; nuclear + solar + gas hybrid; Utah Gov confirmed; construction underwayNscale Monarch Compute Campus: 8GW / Mason County WV — Microsoft signed 1.35GW LOI; NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 GPUs; nation's first state-certified AI microgridNexus Data Centers Hubbard, TX: $50M community partnership fund for Hill County — construction underway; 600MW Phase 1 / 7.2GW expansion potentialSTACK Infrastructure Berry Hill: $100B / 30 years / 2,500 jobs @ $80,500+ avg — Pittsylvania Co. VA; approved May 2026; 3rd-largest industrial announcement in US historyUS data centers: 4,011 facilities / 50+ GW total capacity (March 2026) — demand growing to 41 GW in 2026 from 31 GW in 2025CoreWeave (CRWV): $99.4B revenue backlog · $2.1B Q1 revenue (+112% YoY) · $12–13B 2026 revenue guidance · $8.5B non-recourse loan closedSoftBank PORTS Campus, Pike County OH: 10GW / $500B potential — world's largest proposed AI data center; 35,000 construction jobs, 2,500 permanent; DOE public-private partnership; groundbreaking March 2026STACK Infrastructure Berry Hill, Pittsylvania Co. VA: $100B / 30 years / 2,500 jobs @ $80,500+ avg — approved May 2026; 3rd-largest industrial announcement in US historyMicrosoft Q3 FY2026: raises 2026 capex guidance to $190B — up from $120B; $25B attributable to component price inflation; AI revenue run rate hits $37B (+123% YoY)Stargate Abilene: 4 of 8 buildings operational, ~300MW live — full 1,200MW campus on track86 GW new utility-scale power planned for US grid in 2026 — a record driven by data center demand
US AI INFRASTRUCTURE · MASTER COMMAND

AI BUILDOUT

TRACKER

$500B+ in tracked US data center investment is rewiring rural America — flooding depopulating counties with construction crews, overloading the electrical grid, and reshaping local fiscal policy in ways that will last decades.

$500B+
Tracked US CapEx
$760B
Hyperscaler CapEx 2026
$500B
Stargate Total
4,011
US Facilities (Mar 2026)
50+ GW
US Grid Capacity
86 GW
New Grid Additions 2026
Near-Term Pipeline
65
Projects — $92.1B breaking ground
YTD CapEx (Apr 2026)
$49.5B
74 projects broke ground in 2026
Perm. Jobs (Disclosed)
10,000+
$18M–$54M capex per permanent job
Best Fiscal Ratio
26:1
Loudoun Co., VA — $1 of services, $26 in tax. Residential = 0.8:1
01 · Capital Deployment

The Spending Ramp

Hyperscaler AI infrastructure spend has grown nearly 10× in three years. The 2026 pace of $760B — Amazon $200B, Microsoft $190B, Google $185B, Meta $135B, Oracle $50B — exceeds the combined GDP of Switzerland and Argentina. The $7T through-2030 projection would make this the largest coordinated private capital deployment in history.

Breaking · June 1, 2026Alphabet Announces $80B Equity Capital Raise to Expand AI Infrastructure
Equity Raise
$80B
$30B public offering + $40B ATM program
Berkshire Hathaway
$10B
Private placement — Buffett backs AI buildout
Google 2026 CapEx
$180–190B
Up from $91B in 2025 — 2× YoY
Google Cloud Backlog
$460B+
+63% revenue YoY; backlog nearly doubled QoQ

Alphabet cited demand for AI solutions “currently outstripping available compute supply” as the primary rationale. 2027 CapEx expected to increase significantly beyond 2026 levels. Berkshire investment at $351.81/share (Class A) and $348.20/share (Class C).

Global Hyperscaler CapEx Trajectory ($B)
2026 CapEx by Hyperscaler ($B)
Combined 2026 Total$760B
02 · Facility Status

Project Status Board

Real-time status of major US AI data center projects by construction stage. Green = operational. Amber = under construction. Grey = planned or announced.

ONLINE
Stargate Abilene
OpenAI/Oracle · TX
$3.5B1,200MW
ONLINE
xAI Colossus
xAI · TN
N/D150MW
ONLINE
Loudoun Cluster
Multi-tenant · VA
N/D4,000MW
BUILDING
Meta Hyperion
Meta · LA
$27B5,000MW
BUILDING
Stargate Wisconsin (Lighthouse)
OpenAI/Oracle/Vantage · WI
$15B902MW
BUILDING
xAI Southaven
xAI · MS
$20B2,000MW
BUILDING
AWS Indiana
AWS · IN
$11B
BUILDING
Microsoft Fairwater
Microsoft · GA
$80B
BUILDING
Cologix Johnstown
Cologix · OH
$7B800MW
BUILDING
AVAIO Leo
AVAIO · AR
$6B+
BUILDING
CoreWeave Lancaster
CoreWeave · PA
$6B
BUILDING
AWS NC Richmond
AWS · NC
$10B
PLANNED
Vantage Frontier TX
Vantage · TX
$25B1,400MW
PLANNED
Google Texas Program
Google · TX
$40B
PLANNED
AWS Mississippi
AWS · MS
$25B
PLANNED
QTS Dane County
QTS · WI
$12B750MW
BUILDING
Stargate Milam County
OpenAI/Oracle/SB Energy · TX
$1B+1,200MW
BUILDING
Stargate Project Jupiter
OpenAI/Oracle/STACK · NM
$50B
BUILDING
Stargate Lordstown
OpenAI/Oracle/SoftBank · OH
$3B600MW
PLANNED
Crusoe-Tallgrass WY
Crusoe · WY
TBD1,800MW
BUILDING
Stargate Michigan
OpenAI/Oracle · MI
$45B+1,000MW
BUILDING
Hut 8 Beacon Point
Hut 8 · TX
$17B
ANNOUNCED
Google-Blackstone TPU JV
Google / Blackstone · Multi
$25B500MW
BUILDING
PORTS Tech Campus
SoftBank / AEP Ohio · OH
$33B+10,000MW
APPROVED
STACK Berry Hill
STACK Infrastructure · VA
$100B
BUILDING
Delta Gigasite
Creekstone Energy · UT
$17B9,700MW
BUILDING
Monarch Compute Campus
Nscale / Microsoft · WV
TBD8,000MW
BUILDING
Nexus Hubbard Campus
Nexus Data Centers · TX
TBD600MW
BUILDING
IREN Childress AI (ex-BTC)
IREN / Microsoft · TX
$9.7B deal250MW
BUILDING
Core Scientific AI (ex-BTC)
CORZ / CoreWeave · Multi
$5B+590MW
BUILDING
Riot Rockdale AI (ex-BTC)
Riot Platforms / AMD · TX
$1.6B+700MW
BUILDING
TeraWulf Lake Mariner HPC
TeraWulf / Fluidstack · Multi
$900M+168MW
BUILDING
Cipher Black Pearl (ex-BTC)
Cipher Digital / AWS · TX
$2B300MW
ANNOUNCED
MARA Long Ridge AI (ex-BTC)
MARA / Starwood · Multi
$1.5B+1,000MW
Online
Building
Planned / Announced
03 · Project Registry

Top Projects by CapEx

The largest announced AI data center investments in the United States. Many host counties have never seen a private investment exceeding $100M — these numbers are measured in billions.

CompanyProjectLocationStateStatusCapExConst. JobsPerm. JobsCapacity10-Yr Impact
OpenAI / Oracle / SoftBankStargate Program TotalNationalMultiMixed$500B30,000+TBD10,000MW
Anthropic / FluidstackUS AI InfrastructureTX + NY (custom campuses)MultiConstruction$50B2,400800
GoogleTexas ProgramMultiple TX CountiesTXPlanned$40BTBDTBD
MetaHyperionRichland Parish, LALAConstruction$27B5,0005005,000MW
AWSMississippi ProgramCanton/Clinton/VicksburgMSConstruction$25BThousands2,000
VantageFrontier CampusTexasTXPlanned$25B5,000+TBD1,400MW
xAIMACROHARDRR SouthavenSouthaven, MSMSConstruction$20BTBDTBD2,000MW
Joliet / PowerHouseJoliet Technology CenterJoliet, ILILApproved$20BTBDTBD
AWSPennsylvania ProgramMultiple PAPAPlanned$20BThousands1,250
MicrosoftFairwater AI SuperfactoryAtlanta, GAGAConstruction$80B (program)1,324 peak635+
04 · Power Infrastructure

Megawatt Capacity by State & Market

MW is the real unit of data center investment. Texas is on track to become the largest US market by committed megawatts — driven by Stargate (1,200MW), Vantage Frontier (1,400MW), and Meta's El Paso and Fort Worth campuses.

Committed MW by State (All Stages)
Operational
Under Construction
Planned
Top Metro Markets — Operational MW
Northern VA4,000 MW
Phoenix, AZ1,380 MW
Dallas–Fort Worth1,125 MW
Atlanta, GA1,065 MW
Chicago, IL805 MW
Source: NVTC, JLL, CBRE 2026 market reports
Regional Share of 2026 Pipeline Spending
South: 56%
West: 20%
Midwest: 14%
Northeast: 10%
Source: ConstructConnect, June 2026
05 · State Rankings

State Leaderboard

Virginia leads in operational facility count and economic maturity. Texas leads in planned MW. Arizona has the highest documented GDP return ($25B) from a smaller base.

Operational Facilities (Top 10 States)
StateOp.PipelineGDPJobs
VA
Virginia
30060$9.1B74,000
TX
Texas
40090
AZ
Arizona
11040$25B
GA
Georgia
8035
OH
Ohio
100774,500
IL
Illinois
12025
CA
California
28030
FL
Florida
12530
06 · Jobs Deep Dive

Who Gets Hired, For How Long, and What They're Paid

The construction boom is real and well-compensated — but temporary. Permanent staffing is thin relative to capex. The communities that win are those that secured training pipelines, union agreements, and local hiring commitments before groundbreaking.

850
Construction workers per 100MW
Hamm Institute 2025
$140K/yr
Avg construction compensation
$70/hr including benefits
18–36 mo
Typical build duration
Per phase, per building
4.7M
Cumul. construction jobs through 2030
All planned US projects
697K
Permanent ops jobs by 2030
Projected industry-wide
28
Perm. jobs per $1B invested
vs 950 for an auto plant (34×)
Construction vs. Permanent Jobs by Project

The gap between the construction peak and permanent headcount is the defining feature of this investment class. Stargate Abilene: 6,000 build → 357 stay.

Construction (peak)
Permanent
Permanent Job Mix — By Role Category
Facilities / DC Ops38%
Security25%
IT / Networking22%
Management / Admin15%
The largest permanent role category is facilities/ops — requiring technical training but not a 4-year degree. This is the realistic pathway for local workforce investment.
Permanent Jobs per $1B — Industry Comparison
DC Wages vs. Local Median Annual Income ($K)

Data center jobs pay well above county medians — especially in economically distressed host counties where alternatives are limited.

DC job wage
Local median income
Typical Employment Lifecycle — 1GW Campus
0–6
200
Pre-construction (site prep)
Local trades
6–24
5,000
Construction peak
Regional union + trades
24–36
1,200
Construction wind-down
Finishing trades
30–42
400
Commissioning
Specialist technicians
36+
300
Operations (permanent)
Full-time employees
36+
1,050
Induced / indirect
Local economy (3.5× multiplier)
Construction workers are pulled from a 300-mile radius. Many are transient — local hotels, restaurants, and services capture the spending, but permanent population growth is limited.
Local Hiring Commitments & Community Agreements
Stargate Michigan
100% union labor
First Stargate campus with explicit union-built commitment. IBEW + operating engineers.
AWS Mississippi
Special legislation
AWS covers all power infrastructure costs; local workforce pipeline with community colleges.
Vantage Lighthouse WI
4,000+ construction
Partnered with Waukesha County Technical College for local trades training pipeline.
Meta Hyperion LA
Community benefit
$300M direct infrastructure funding; local hiring preference in CBA negotiations.
Stargate Abilene TX
6,000 construction
Pulling trades from 300-mile radius; $140K avg annual comp for construction workers.
QTS Dane County WI
5,000 construction
Partnership with MATC for apprenticeship pipeline. Local hiring goal: 30% of construction workforce.
Formally verified / committed in filing
Announced but not legally binding
Fiscal Benefit Ratio — Tax Revenue vs. Services Consumed

Dollars of property tax per dollar of public services (schools, roads, emergency response). Residential housing loses money at 0.8:1. A data center at 26:1 funds the whole county.

Virginia Statewide
74,000 Jobs
$9.1B GDP · $1.64B local taxes/yr · 1:3.5 employment multiplier
Arizona
$25B GDP
$863M combined annual tax revenue from data centers (2023)
Brookings 2026 (Peer-Reviewed)
+22% Info Sector
+4–5% private employment in host counties vs 3,000 control counties
Project Steamboat, GA
1,666×
$12K/yr idle parcel → $200M over 10 years in property tax
Maryland SAGE Study
$775M
Local economic activity during construction of one 800K sqft DC
Stargate Michigan
2,500 Union
First Stargate with explicit union-built commitment. IBEW + operating engineers.
08 · Clean Energy Pivot

Nuclear-DC Pairings

Hyperscalers are increasingly co-locating with or contracting nuclear plants to meet 24/7 carbon-free energy commitments. This is reshaping the US nuclear industry — including restarting plants that had already been shut down.

Done
Amazon / AWS
Susquehanna Nuclear, PA
Acquired Talen Energy data center campus co-located on 977-acre site adjacent to the reactor for $650M
480 MW
Signed
Microsoft
Three Mile Island, PA
20-year PPA to restart Unit 1 (Constellation Energy). Powers Azure data centers in the region.
835 MW
Active
Meta
Multi-site Nuclear PPAs
Multi-decade nuclear power purchase agreements announced 2024. Part of 24/7 carbon-free energy commitment.
Planned
Google
Kairos Power (SMR)
Partnership for small modular reactor (SMR) deployment. Target: 500MW by 2030.
500 MW
09 · Hidden Infrastructure

Gas Plant Buildouts Behind the Meter

Before nuclear and renewables come online, data centers are triggering massive gas plant construction — some directly onsite, others contracted through utilities. This infrastructure won't be dismantled when cleaner power arrives.

Entergy Louisiana (for Meta Hyperion)
Combined-cycle gas turbines (3 units)
New generation capacity2,260 MW
New transmission lines100 miles
New substations8
Largest single-project gas buildout in Louisiana history to power one data center campus
Crusoe Energy (Abilene)
Onsite natural gas generation
New generation capacity500 MW
Air quality and emissions concerns near residential areas
Meta Prometheus (New Albany, OH)
Interim natural gas (pre-nuclear)
New generation capacity200 MW
Bridge power before nuclear PPA comes online
10 · Regulatory Responses

States Strike Back

Where regulators have acted, residential bill impacts are being mitigated. Where they haven't, ratepayers subsidize the grid buildout for hyperscaler connections — a subsidy that never appears in economic impact reports.

VirginiaGS5 Rate Class
Approved Nov 2025 · Effective Jan 2027
DCs ≥25MW must pay min 85% of distribution/transmission costs + 60% of generation. Estimated residential savings: $5.52/mo.
~$5.52/mo residential savings
Ohio85% Min-Pay Rule
Approved 2025
DCs must pay 85% of contracted electricity capacity even when unused. Prevents shifting idle-capacity costs to residential ratepayers.
Demand dropped 30GW → 13GW immediately
MississippiCost Recovery Legislation
Special legislation
AWS must cover all incremental power infrastructure costs. Entergy: $300M grid upgrade, 50% outage reduction. Zero cost to residential customers.
Entergy: $300M grid upgrade at no customer cost
VA Municipalities with NDAs
80%
Block public access to project details
Stargate Abilene Tax Abatement
85%
10-year property tax exemption
Community-Blocked Projects
$64B+
Water / energy / noise opposition
Ohio Standard Abatement
75–100%
15-yr exemption, $100M+ projects
xAI Memphis (Colossus)
⚠ EJ Case
Gas turbines near Black communities
10b · Case Studies

Community Transformation — The Full Picture

These are the specific stories behind the aggregate numbers. Each represents a county that was losing population, underfunding schools, or watching its agricultural tax base erode — before a data center changed the fiscal math entirely.

Google Project Spade
Montgomery County, MO
Transformative
$15B
Investment
$10M/yr · 20 years
Tax / Revenue Impact
2,000+
Build jobs
Hundreds
Perm. jobs
11,000
County pop.
$20M Energy Impact Fund reduces household electricity bills in surrounding counties — ratepayer protection baked in from day one
Largest single investment in Missouri history. Google pays 100% of power infrastructure costs. Training 2,300 construction laborers via IBEW partnership.
AWS Project Atlas
Madison County, MS (Canton)
Transformative
$25B total
Investment
75+ MS companies engaged
Tax / Revenue Impact
Thousands
Build jobs
2,000
Perm. jobs
105,000
County pop.
Amazon Think Big Corners installed in every Canton elementary school. $12M invested in workforce + education since 2024. 7,000+ students served.
One local engineering firm grew from 4 to 18 employees. 83M gallons/yr recycled wastewater cooling by 2027. AWS covers all power infrastructure costs.
Meta Hyperion — Year 1 Results
Richland Parish, LA
Transformative
$27B
Investment
$875M local contracts (Year 1)
Tax / Revenue Impact
5,000
Build jobs
500
Perm. jobs
20,000
County pop.
Community Action Grants to 9 local schools for STEM labs, VR instruction, robotics. Meta wages 150% above LA state average.
County poverty rate: 24%. Population declining since 2010. $300M direct infrastructure funding committed. $74M distributed globally since 2011 via grants program.
CyrusOne — Bosque County, TX
Bosque County, TX
Transformative
Multi-$B
Investment
+120% county tax revenue
Tax / Revenue Impact
TBD
Build jobs
TBD
Perm. jobs
19,000
County pop.
"A paradigm-changer" — Mayor: funds streets and city services underfunded for years. $70M projected over 30 years for a county of 19,000.
Rural county northwest of Waco. Years of infrastructure underfunding due to declining agricultural base. DC projected to fund decades of catch-up spending.
Stargate Michigan
Washtenaw County, MI
Positive
$45B+
Investment
1,500 community + support jobs
Tax / Revenue Impact
2,500 (union)
Build jobs
450+
Perm. jobs
380,000
County pop.
First union-built Stargate campus — 100% IBEW + operating engineers. Historic red barn preserved at entrance. Near U of Michigan and EMU.
1GW campus. 1.4GW DTE Energy agreement. Closed-loop cooling system. Delivery end 2027. OpenAI / Oracle / Related Digital.
Loudoun County, VA — The Benchmark
Loudoun County, VA
Transformative
N/D (cluster)
Investment
38% of general fund · 26:1 ratio
Tax / Revenue Impact
N/D
Build jobs
Part of 74K statewide
Perm. jobs
440,000
County pop.
3% of the county's land generates 38% of the general fund. Lowest property tax rate in Northern Virginia. Schools fully funded.
Established since early 2000s. 4,000MW operational. The reference case for every county negotiating a DC deal today.
Community College & Workforce Training Pipelines

The communities that benefit most are those that moved early on workforce infrastructure — partnering with local colleges before groundbreaking. The data center workforce shortage is now the single biggest constraint on the industry, ahead of power and land.

LDCC Data Center Technician Program
Louisiana Delta CC + CBRE
Monroe, LA
$18–$26/hr starting
First graduating class May 2026. Purpose-built for Meta Hyperion / North Louisiana DC cluster. Technical knowledge, safety, and operational readiness.
1,500 technicians projected
Amazon Think Big Corners
AWS + Canton Public Schools
Canton, MS
STEM labs in every Canton elementary school. $12M invested in workforce + education since 2024, serving 7,000+ students and 1,000+ educators.
2,000 students/yr
Google / IBEW Laborers Training
Google + Laborers & Contractors Training Center
Eastern Missouri
$140K avg annual comp
Training 2,300 construction laborers (1,500 apprentices) over 2 years ahead of $15B Project Spade groundbreaking.
2,300 construction laborers
Vantage + WCTC Apprenticeship
Vantage Data Centers + Waukesha County TC
Port Washington, WI
Apprenticeship pipeline for Lighthouse Campus ($15B). Local hiring target baked into community benefit agreement.
4,000+ construction; 1,000+ ops
Google Community AI Fellowship
Google Data Centers
Multiple US markets
2026 fellowship placing community members in AI and data center roles near operating campuses. Focus on local talent development.
Ongoing
PA Community College Partnership
Multiple PA colleges + AWS + CoreWeave
Pennsylvania statewide
Statewide initiative to train DC workforce ahead of AWS $20B + CoreWeave $6B buildout. First-of-kind multi-college coordination.
1,250+ ops jobs incoming
11 · Community Impact

Host County Profiles

The counties receiving the biggest investments are often the ones with the fewest economic alternatives. Understanding who they are — and what the realistic alternative was — is essential to evaluating the net impact.

CountyAnchor ProjectInvestmentPer Capita IncomePoverty RateChild PovertyPop. TrendVerdict
Richland Parish, LAMeta Hyperion$27B$42,29824%37%−6%Transformative
Taylor County, TXStargate Abilene$3.5BMid-range~15%N/AStagnantPositive
Fulton County, GAProject Steamboat$1.84BAbove avg~13%N/A+GrowthPositive
Warren County, MSAWS Mississippi$25B+Below avg~22%N/ADecliningTransformative
St. Joseph County, INAWS Indiana$11BMid-range~16%N/AStablePositive
Newton County, GAMeta MansfieldOperationalBelow avg~18%N/AGrowthMixed
Pulaski County, ARAVAIO Leo Campus$6B+Mid-range~17%N/AStablePositive
Ozaukee County, WIVantage Lighthouse$15BMid-range~10%N/AStablePositive
Bosque County, TXCyrusOne CampusMulti-$BBelow avg~18%N/ADecliningTransformative
Montgomery County, MOGoogle Project Spade$15BBelow avg~16%N/ADecliningTransformative
Nueces County, TXHut 8 Beacon Point$17BBelow avg~19%N/AStablePositive
Millard County, UTCreekstone Delta Gigasite$17B (20-yr)Below avg~11%N/ADecliningTransformative
Mason County, WVNscale Monarch CampusTBDBelow avg~18%N/ADecliningPositive
Hill County, TXNexus Hubbard CampusTBD + $50M community fundBelow avg~16%N/AStablePositive
Pittsylvania County, VASTACK Berry Hill$100B (30-yr)Below avg~17%N/ADecliningTransformative
Pike County, OHSoftBank PORTS Campus$33B+ (Phase 1)Below avg~22%N/ADecliningTransformative
Doña Ana County, NMStargate Project Jupiter$50B (5-yr) / $165B (30-yr)Below avg~22%N/AGrowingTransformative
Mahoning County, OHStargate Lordstown$3B (Phase 1)Below avg~18%N/ADecliningPositive
Milam County, TXStargate Milam$1B+ (phase 1 infra)Below avg~16%N/AStablePositive
Richland Parish, Louisiana — The Defining Case

Meta's $27B Hyperion campus is being built in a parish where 37% of children live in poverty, per capita income is $42,298, and the population has declined 6% since 2010. Meta wages run 150% above the state average (~$80K vs $42K). The parish is receiving $300M in direct infrastructure funding. The realistic alternative to this investment isn't a better industrial project — it's continued agricultural decline and school funding cuts from a shrinking tax base. The local child poverty rate of 37% represents the world this campus is being built into.

12 · The Case

Why This Is the Biggest Economic Development Story in Modern America

Peer-reviewed research, real fiscal data, and documented community outcomes all point the same direction. Data centers are delivering for rural America in ways no other asset class has matched.

26:1
Loudoun Co., VA
Fiscal benefit ratio — 38% of county's entire general fund from 3% of its land. Lowest property tax rate in Northern Virginia.
74K Jobs
Virginia Statewide
$9.1B GDP contribution · $1.64B local taxes/yr · 1:3.5 employment multiplier across the full economy.
$25B GDP
Arizona
$863M in combined annual tax revenue (2023). Phoenix is the #4 data center market in North America.
+22%
Brookings 2026 (Peer-Reviewed)
Information sector employment growth in host counties vs 3,000 matched controls. +4–5% private employment overall.
1,666×
Project Steamboat, GA
$12K/yr idle parcel → $200M in property tax over 10 years. The single best documented land-conversion return in US history.
$875M
Meta Hyperion Year 1
Local contracts placed in Year 1 alone in a parish of 20,000 people. 9 schools received STEM grants.
The Bottom Line
“Data centers are the highest-yielding land-conversion event in modern American local fiscal history. For counties that had no realistic alternative anchor investment — declining ag tax base, shrinking schools, depopulation — these campuses represent a once-in-a-generation fiscal reset. The Brookings research is unambiguous: communities with data centers outperform matched controls on employment, tax revenue, and economic activity. The scale of capital being deployed — $760B in 2026 alone — means this reshaping of rural America is only beginning.”
Fiscal Impact
  • 26:1 fiscal ratio in best-case counties
  • $863M annual tax revenue statewide in AZ
  • 1,666× property value return documented in GA
  • $1.64B in local taxes/yr in Virginia alone
Community Returns
  • $875M local contracts in Year 1 (Meta/Richland Parish)
  • STEM labs in every Canton MS elementary school
  • Community college pipelines opening $18–26/hr careers
  • $140K avg construction comp — life-changing in rural areas
Scale of Opportunity
  • $760B hyperscaler CapEx in 2026 — just one year
  • 4.7M cumulative construction jobs through 2030
  • 697K permanent operations jobs projected by 2030
  • 6 Stargate campuses + dozens of independent projects underway
Data Sources & Methodology

All figures are based on publicly disclosed announcements, state economic development filings, company press releases, JLARC 2024, Brookings Institution 2026, Union of Concerned Scientists 2024, Sage Policy Group / Maryland Tech Council Aug 2025, Hamm Institute 2025, Uptime Institute 2024, ConstructConnect June 2026, JLL / CBRE market reports, and local municipal records — all as of June 2026. Many projects have not yet disclosed final MW capacity, water usage agreements, or full employment commitments. Largest research gaps: Digital Realty, Equinix, CyrusOne, Aligned, Switch, Compass, CloudHQ, STACK, Iron Mountain, and numerous secondary hyperscaler campuses. Total identified capex: ~$290B+ directly disclosed. Hyperscaler 2026 CapEx figures represent global programs with heavy US concentration. Jobs-per-$B figures are estimates based on direct permanent employment disclosures; indirect and induced employment excluded.